Nonlinear Interactions Between Radiation Belt Electrons and Chorus Waves: Dependence on Wave Amplitude Modulation
Longzhi Gan, Wen Li, Qianli Ma, J. M. Albert, Anton Artemyev, Jacob Bortnik
Abstract
Abstract We use test particle simulations to model the interaction between radiation belt electrons and whistler mode chorus waves by focusing on wave amplitude modulations. We quantify the pitch angle and energy changes due to phase trapping and phase bunching (including both advection and scattering) for electrons with various initial energies and pitch angles. Three nonlinear regimes are identified in a broad range of pitch angle‐energy space systematically, each indicating different nonlinear effects. Our simulation results show that wave amplitude modulations can extend the nonlinear regimes, while significantly reducing electron acceleration by phase trapping. By including amplitude modulations, the “advective” changes in pitch angle and energy caused by phase bunching are reduced, while the “diffusive” scattering due to phase bunching is enhanced. Our study demonstrates the importance of wave amplitude modulations in nonlinear effects and suggests that they need to be properly incorporated into future theoretical and numerical studies.