An integrative review of standalone solar powered EV charging stations: Standards, policies, design aspects, and future directions
Kameswara Satya Prakash Oruganti, Chockalingam Aravind Vaithilingam, S. S. Kumaresh, Agileswari K. Ramasamy, Ari Happonen
Abstract
This review article analyzes stand-alone photovoltaic (PV)-powered electric vehicle (EV) charging stations as a sustainable alternative for the expanding EV market. Essential elements and design factors pertinent to these systems are examined, emphasizing their distinct challenges. The article investigates international governmental strategies designed to attain net-zero emissions in the electric vehicle industry, highlighting the significance of photovoltaic-powered charging stations in this transition. Specific standards and protocols crucial for the successful implementation and broad acceptance of the charging stations are explored. This article includes approaches for the optimal sizing of standalone systems, focusing on solar Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and intermediary battery energy storage (BESS) technologies for electric vehicle charging applications along with appropriate DC-DC converter topologies for solar MPPT and EV charging stations are assessed. Additionally, the review presents a of cutting-edge tools and software platforms utilized in the design, simulation, and optimization of these systems. This thorough review provides an integrated perspective on the technological, legislative, and design elements of stand-alone PV-powered EV charging stations. It serves as a crucial resource for researchers, policymakers, and industry experts in sustainable energy and electric mobility, promoting the incorporation of solar energy into transportation infrastructure. • Global governmental policies and net-zero emission targets in the EV landscape are examined. • Dedicated standards for implementing standalone PV-powered EV charging stations are explored. • Methods for sizing standalone PV- BESS - EV charging stations, are discussed. • Practical techno – economic casestudy is presented. • Tools utilized in designing standalone PV-powered EV charging systems are reviewed.