Pathophysiological Gaps, Diagnostic Challenges, and Uncertainties in Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Laura Ueberham, Andreas Hagendorff, Karin Klingel, Ingo Paetsch, Cosima Jahnke, Theresa Kluge, Hans Ebbinghaus, Gerhard Hindricks, Ulrich Laufs, Borislav Dinov
Abstract
Cardiac sarcoidosis can mimic any cardiomyopathy in different stages. Noncaseating granulomatous inflammation can be missed, because of the nonhomogeneous distribution in the heart. The current diagnostic criteria show discrepancies and are partly nonspecific and insensitive. Besides the diagnostic pitfalls, there are controversies in the understanding of the causes, genetic and environmental background, and the natural evolution of the disease. Here, we review the current pathophysiological aspects and gaps that are relevant for future cardiac sarcoidosis diagnostics and research.
Topics & Concepts
MedicineCardiac sarcoidosisSarcoidosisCardiomyopathyDiseasePathophysiologyInflammationIntensive care medicineGranulomatous diseaseHeart failureCardiologyPathologyInternal medicineSarcoidosis and Beryllium Toxicity ResearchInterstitial Lung Diseases and Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisViral Infections and Immunology Research