Hyaluronic acid conjugates of glycine peptides and L-tryptophan
Fazilet Gürer, Tamilselvan Mohan, Matej Bračič, Ariana Barlič, Damjan Makuc, Janez Plavec, Karin Stana Kleinschek, Rupert Kargl
Abstract
This work reports about the conjugation of glycine C-terminal ethyl and methyl ester peptides and L-tryptophan methyl ester with sodium hyaluronate in aqueous solutions using the peptide coupling agent DMTMM (or short DMT, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methyl-morpholinium chloride). Detailed infrared (IR) absorbance and 1H and 13C (2D) NMR studies (heteronuclear multi-bond correlation spectroscopy, HMBC) confirmed covalent and regioselective amide bonds with the D-glucuronate, but also proves the presence of DMT traces in all conjugates. The ethyl ester groups on the peptides C-terminal could be used to quantify the degree of substitution of the peptide on the hyaluronate scaffold by NMR. The ester group also proved stable during conjugation and work-up, and could in some cases be selectively cleaved in water whilst leaving the amide bond intact as shown by potentiometric charge titration, NMR and IR. The conjugates did not influence the capability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to reduce MTS (5-[3-(carboxymethoxy)phenyl]-3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium inner salt) to a formazan dye, which points towards a low cytotoxicity for the obtained products. The conjugation method and products could be tested for tissue engineering gels or drug delivery purposes with alternative biologically active peptides.