A comprehensive review of types, synthesis strategies, advanced designing and applications of aerogels
Endazenaw Bizuneh Chemere, Thobile Mhlabeni, Washington Mhike, Mapula Lucey Mavhungu, Mxolisi Brendon Shongwe
Abstract
Aerogels are gaining interest from researchers for various applications in different disciplines due to their unique characteristics, such as high porosity, low density and vast surface area. Because of their outstanding physical and chemical properties with adjustable surface chemistry, aerogels have various applications, including supercapacitors, drug delivery, thermal insulation, etc. Due to their high porosity and surface area, aerogels are applicable for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants, which could have detrimental impacts on both human health and the environment. Numerous reviews of aerogel preparations and applications have been published. However, there has not been an organized approach to aerogel synthesis methods, types and applications with the mechanisms in their respective applications. The aerogels' pollution removal methods and composite fabrications are thoroughly described. A summary of the diverse uses and exciting prospects of aerogels in environmental pollution control is provided. Additionally, how contaminants and porous nanoparticles interact are examined. More significantly, novel designs are suggested for the production of advanced aerogels. The mechanisms of the porous materials in their applications are also meaningfully guided by this review, which helps to design and produce advanced porous materials.