Synthesis of Cement Composites Utilizing Ceramic Waste as a Partial Replacement for Portland Cement: Literature Review
Anjali Agrawal, T. Jothi Saravanan, Kunal Bisht, K.I. Syed Ahmed Kabeer
Abstract
The unchecked emissions of hazardous gases emanating from the cement industry have effectuated much research geared toward utilizing solid waste materials as cement replacements. This study addressed the incorporation of ceramic waste (CW) from the ceramic industry, as well as construction and demolition waste materials, as cement replacement in cementitious products. The focus was on appraising the influence of the addition of CW on the fresh and hardened properties of cementitious materials, such as cement paste, mortar, vibrated concrete, and self-compacting concrete. The reviewed literature attested to the potential pozzolanic activity of CW, thereby supporting the viability of such substitutions. The utilization of CW at lower substitution levels produces satisfactory workability. The strength level of the composites incorporating up to 15% CW is either superior to, or comparable with, that of a control mix containing no ceramic additive. Benefits to the durability performance of CW-additive cement are apparent, prompting the prospective usage of such additives even at high replacement levels of up to 40%. Microstructural investigations have substantiated the densification and refinement of the pore structure of cement resulting from CW-related pozzolanic activity. This evaluation indicates that CW usage presents a viable choice for attaining favorable properties in cement composites while concurrently realizing ecological benefits.