Cosmic evolution early release science survey (CEERS): multiclassing galactic dwarf stars in the deep <i>JWST/NIRCam</i>
Benne W. Holwerda, Chih-Chun Hsu, Nimish P. Hathi, Laura Bisigello, Alexander de la Vega, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Micaela B. Bagley, Mark Dickinson, Steven L. Finkelstein, Jeyhan S. Kartaltepe, Anton M. Koekemoer, Casey Papovich, Nor Pirzkal, Kyle Cook, Clayton Robertson, Caitlin M. Casey, Christian Aganze, Pablo G. Pérez‐González, Ray A. Lucas, Shardha Jogee, Stephen M. Wilkins, D. Burgarella, Allison Kirkpatrick
Abstract
ABSTRACT Low-mass (sub)stellar objects represent the low end of the initial mass function, the transition to free-floating planets and a prominent interloper population in the search for high-redshift galaxies. To what accuracy can photometry only classify these? JWST/NIRCam has several advantages over Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 near-infrared (NIR): more filters, a greater wavelength range, and greater spatial resolution. Here, we present a catalogue of (sub)stellar dwarfs identified in the cosmic evolution early release science survey (CEERS). We identify 518 stellar objects down to mF200W 28 using half-light radius, a full three magnitudes deeper than typical HST/WFC3 images. A k-means nearest neighbour (kNN) algorithm identifies and types these sources, using four HST/WFC3 and four NIRCam filters, trained on IRTF/spex spectra of nearby brown dwarfs. The kNN with four neighbours classifies well within two subtypes: e.g. M2±2, achieving ∼95 per cent precision and recall. In CEERS, we find 9 M8±2, 2 L6±2, 1 T4±2, and 15 T8±2. We compare the observed long wavelength NIRCam colours – not used in the kNN – to those expected for brown dwarf atmospheric models. The NIRCam F356W−F444W and F410M−F444W colours are redder by a magnitude for the type assigned by the kNN, hinting at a wider variety of atmospheres for these objects. We find a 300–350 pc scale height for M6±2 dwarfs plus a second structural component and a 150–200 pc scale height for T6±2 type dwarfs, consistent with literature values. A single M8±2 dwarf is spectroscopically confirmed at 4 kpc distance.