Nanomaterials in tuberculosis DNA vaccine delivery: historical perspective and current landscape
Xing Luo, Xiaoqiang Zeng, L. Gong, Yan Ye, Cun Sun, Ting Chen, Zelong Zhang, Yikun Tao, Hao Zeng, Quanming Zou, Yun Yang, Jieping Li, Hongwu Sun
Abstract
Vaccinations, especially DNA vaccines that promote host immunity, are the most effective interventions for tuberculosis (TB) control. However, the vaccine delivery system exhibits a significant impact on the protective effects of the vaccine. Recently, effective nanomaterial-based delivery systems (including nanoparticles, nanogold, nanoliposomes, virus-like particles, and virus carriers) have been developed for DNA vaccines to control TB. This review highlights the historical development of various nanomaterial-based delivery systems for TB DNA vaccines, along with the emerging technologies. Nanomaterial-based vaccine delivery systems could enhance the efficacy of TB vaccination; therefore, this summary could guide nanomaterial selection for optimal and safe vaccine delivery, facilitating the design and development of highly effective TB vaccines.