Limitations on Temporal Processing by Cochlear Implant Users: A Compilation of Viewpoints
Robert P. Carlyon, John M. Deeks, Bertrand Delgutte, Yoojin Chung, Maike Vollmer, Frank W. Ohl, Andrej Kral, Jochen Tillein, Ruth Y. Litovsky, Jan W. H. Schnupp, Nicole Roßkothen-Kuhl, Raymond L. Goldsworthy
Abstract
Cochlear implant (CI) users are usually poor at using timing information to detect changes in either pitch or sound location. This deficit occurs even for listeners with good speech perception and even when the speech processor is bypassed to present simple, idealized stimuli to one or more electrodes. The present article presents seven expert opinion pieces on the likely neural bases for these limitations, the extent to which they are modifiable by sensory experience and training, and the most promising ways to overcome them in future. The article combines insights from physiology and psychophysics in cochlear-implanted humans and animals, highlights areas of agreement and controversy, and proposes new experiments that could resolve areas of disagreement.