Measuring the Digital Transformation: A Key Performance Indicators Literature Review
Houda Mahboub, Hicham Sadok, Abdellah Chehri, Rachid Saadane
Abstract
As a rapidly evolving paradigm, digital transformation (DT) remains one of today's most significant challenges. Consequently, numerous businesses devote a substantial portion of their resources to this captivating transition. However, this investment's return is difficult to quantify or even unexplored by others. This observation constituted the foundation for Solow's productivity paradox. Even if they are aware of how the KPI measurement affects their performance, managers continue to disregard this evaluation. In terms of academic literature, this field of study is still inadequately developed. To address this limitation, this study uses the NVivo software to conduct a systematic literature review highlighting the KPIs, the methodology used in the corpus, the evolution of related works, and their type. According to our analysis, several works cite this term without describing it or defining a general approach to DT metrics. In addition, the financial and commercial performance KPIs are the most specific. Following a summary of the primary KPIs in the literature, we classified them into two prominent families: generic and specific. This classification represents the originality of this paper. The generic KPIs are multidimensional and applicable to a variety of businesses, while the specific ones pertain to a particular function or industry.