Synthesis of Indoles via Intermolecular and Intramolecular Cyclization by Using Palladium-Based Catalysts
Ayesha Ayesha, Muhammad Bılal, Nasır Rasool, Samreen Gul Khan, Umer Rashid, Humaira Altaf, Imtiaz Ali
Abstract
As part of natural products or biologically active compounds, the synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles is becoming incredibly valuable. Palladium is a transition metal that is widely utilized as a catalyst to facilitate carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling; it is used in the synthesis of various heterocycles. This review includes the twelve years of successful indole synthesis using various palladium catalysts to establish carbon-carbon or carbon-nitrogen coupling, as well as the conditions that have been optimized.
Topics & Concepts
PalladiumCatalysisIntramolecular forceIntermolecular forceIndole testCarbon fibersChemistryHeteroatomCombinatorial chemistryTransition metalOrganic chemistryMaterials scienceMoleculeRing (chemistry)Composite materialComposite numberCatalytic C–H Functionalization MethodsCatalytic Cross-Coupling ReactionsCatalytic Alkyne Reactions