Nomogram predicting overall prognosis for invasive micropapillary carcinoma of the breast: a SEER-based population study
Jianpeng Liu, Xi Wei, Jiahao Zhou, Wei Gao, Qiaolin Wu
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The prognosis of invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) of the breast is determined by many clinicopathological factors. This study aims to identify prognostic factors and develop reliable nomogram to predict the overall survival (OS) in patients with IMPC. DESIGN: Log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards analysis were used to identify variables and construct a nomogram based on the training cohort. C-index and calibration curves were performed to evaluate the performance of the model in the training cohort and validation cohorts. SETTING: We collected the patient data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. This database holds data related to the cancer incidence from 18 population-based cancer registries in the USA. PARTICIPANTS: The SEER database was used to screen 754 eligible patients as the study cohort. The whole cohort was randomly divided into a training cohort (n=377) and a validation cohort (n=377). RESULTS: Age at diagnosis, hormone receptors, number of positive regional lymph nodes and clinical stage were independent prognostic factors for patients with IMPC. The calibration curves presented excellent consistency between the actual and nomogram-predict survival probabilities in the training and validation cohorts. The C-index values of the nomogram were 0.794 and 0.774 for OS in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The novel nomogram provides new insights of the risk of each prognostic factor and can assist doctors in predicting the 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS in patients with IMPC.