Modulation of Perovskite Grain Boundaries by Electron Donor–Acceptor Zwitterions <i>R</i>,<i>R</i>-Diphenylamino-phenyl-pyridinium-(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub><i>n</i></sub>-sulfonates: All-Round Improvement on the Solar Cell Performance
Chieh‐Ming Hung, Jin-Tai Lin, Yu-Hsuan Yang, Yichun Liu, Mong‐Wen Gu, Tai‐Che Chou, Shengfu Wang, Zi-Qin Chen, Chi-Chi Wu, Li-Cyun Chen, Cheng‐Chih Hsu, Chun‐hsien Chen, Ching‐Wen Chiu, Hsieh‐Chih Chen, Pi‐Tai Chou
Abstract
defects, enhancing moisture resistance, and reducing ion migration. Although each functionality may have been reported by specific passivating molecules, a strategy that simultaneously regulates the charge-transfer balance and three other functionalities has not yet been developed. The results are to make an omnidirectional improvement of PSCs. Among all zwitterions, 4-(4-(4-(di-(4-methoxylphenyl)amino)phenyl)propane-1-ium-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonate (OMeZC3) optimizes the balance hole/electron mobility ratio of perovskite to 0.91, and the corresponding PSCs demonstrate a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 23.15% free from hysteresis, standing out as one of the champion PSCs with an inverted structure. Importantly, the OMeZC3-modified PSC exhibits excellent long-term stability, maintaining almost its initial PCE after being stored at 80% relative humidity for 35 days.