1002 km twin-field quantum key distribution with finite-key analysis
Yang Liu, Weijun Zhang, Cong Jiang, Jiu-Peng Chen, Di Ma, Chi Zhang, Wen-Xin Pan, Hao Dong, Jia-Min Xiong, Chengjun Zhang, Hao Li, Rui-Chun Wang, Chao‐Yang Lu, Jun Wu, Teng‐Yun Chen, Lixing You, Xiang‐Bin Wang, Qiang Zhang, Jian-Wei Pan
Abstract
Abstract Quantum key distribution (QKD) holds the potential to establish secure keys over long distances. The distance of point-to-point QKD secure key distribution is primarily impeded by the transmission loss inherent to the channel. In the quest to realize a large-scale quantum network, increasing the QKD distance under current technology is of great research interest. Here we adopt the 3-intensity sending-or-not-sending twin-field QKD (TF-QKD) protocol with the actively-odd-parity-pairing method. The experiment demonstrates the feasibility of secure QKD over a 1002 km fibre channel considering the finite size effect. The secure key rate is $3.11\times 10^{-12}$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mn>3.11</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>12</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> per pulse at this distance. Furthermore, by optimizing parameters for shorter fiber distances, we conducted performance tests on key distribution for fiber lengths ranging from 202 km to 505 km. Notably, the secure key rate for the 202 km, the normal distance between major cities, reached 111.74 kbps.