P2H Modeling and Operation in the Microgrid Under Coupled Electricity–Hydrogen Markets
Hongxin Liu, Yueyao Wang, Feifei Xu, Mengkai Wu, Kai Jiang, Xiaohe Yan, Nian Liu
Abstract
The uncertainty and volatility of wind power have led to large-scale wind curtailment during grid connections. The adoption of power-to-hydrogen (P2H) system in a microgrid (MG) can mitigate the renewable curtailment by hydrogen conversion and storage. This paper conducts unified modeling for different types of P2H systems and considers the multi-energy trading in a hydrogen-coupled power market. The proposed bi-level equilibrium model is beneficial to minimize the energy cost of microgrids. Firstly, a microgrid operation model applied to different P2H systems including an alkaline electrolysis cell (AEC), a proton exchange membrane electrolysis cell (PEMEC), or a solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) is proposed at the upper level. Secondly, an electricity market–clearing model and a hydrogen market model are constructed at the lower level. Then, the diagonalization algorithm is adopted to solve the multi-market equilibrium problem. Finally, case studies based on an IEEE 14-bus system are conducted to validate the proposed model, and the results show that the microgrid with a P2H system could gain more profits and help increase the renewable penetration.