Toward a hybrid approach for the risk analysis of maritime autonomous surface ships: a systematic review
Tomohiro Yuzui, Fujio Kaneko
Abstract
Abstract As the demand for maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS) grows, appropriate risk analysis is essential for ensuring their safety. Several review papers have examined effective methods for MASS risk analysis, highlighting the benefits of qualitative approaches such as the systems-theoretic accident model and process/system-theoretic process analysis (STAMP/STPA). However, a comprehensive and objective analysis method for MASS has not yet been established. In addition, a systematic literature review of the available academic research studies on MASS risk analysis has not been previously conducted. Therefore, this study employed principles from the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) for conducting a systematic literature review on MASS risk analysis. Besides, to conduct the review considering various aspects of risk analysis, we developed the classification framework of risk analysis of MASS and conducted the review using the developed framework. We concluded that a hybrid approach, combining a quantitative analysis by the Bayesian network using qualitative STAMP/STPA results, may prove to be effective for MASS risk assessment. In addition, based on the analyzed literature, research directions for future studies considering the gaps between current research and the real-world implementation of MASS were identified.