世界鸟类物种多样性最高区域之一的高黎贡山地区鸟类物种组成和保护挑战
Fei Wu, 中国科学院昆明动物研究所遗传资源与进化国家重点实验室 & 云南省高黎贡山生物多样性与生态安全重点实验室, 云南 昆明 650201, 中国, Gao Jian-Yun, Yan Dao, Yang Le, Liu Lu-Ming, Yao Shun-Yu, Zuo Chang-Sheng, Sun Jun, Gao Ge, Su Jian-Yong, Yingchun Li, Li Ying-Chun, Liu Ming, Hu Yuan-Fang, Wei Ming, Yang Xiao-Jun, 西藏自治区高原生物研究所, 西藏 拉萨 850001, 中国, 中国科学院昆明动物研究所昆明动物博物馆, 云南 昆明 650223, 中国, 云南铜壁关省级自然保护区, 云南 德宏679300, 中国, 高黎贡山国家级自然保护区怒江管护局, 云南 怒江 671400, 中国, 高黎贡山国家级自然保护区保山管护局, 云南 保山 678000, 中国, 昆明市朱雀鸟类研究所, 云南 昆明 650225, 中国, 高黎贡山森林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站 & 独龙江森林生态系统野外科学观测研究站, 云南 贡山 673500, 中国, Yunnan Tongbiguan Provincial Nature Reserve, Dehong, Yunnan 679300, China, Yunnan Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Nujiang, Yunnan 671400, China, Yunnan Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000, China
Abstract
The Gaoligong Mountains (GLGM), located in southwestern China, extend north to south along the western border of the Hengduan Mountains, spanning approximately 600 km. In this study, we consolidated findings from 17 bird surveys conducted in the GLGM between 2010 and 2022. We found that the GLGM harbors tremendous bird diversity, with a total of 796 documented bird species in the region. Nearly a quarter (23.0%) of these species are listed as state key protected species or as Chinese and global threatened species. Analysis of species richness at the county level showed a decreasing trend with increasing latitude, with the greatest diversity in Yingjiang (661 species). Observations indicated that the GLGM belongs to the Oriental realm, primarily composed of bird species from southern and southwestern China. The GLGM plays an important role in avian conservation by sheltering exceptional bird diversity, providing corridors and flyways for bird migration and dispersal, and mitigating the effects of climate change. In response to the conservation needs of birds and other wildlife, the Chinese government has established numerous protected areas within the GLGM. Despite these efforts, avian conservation still faces considerable challenges in the GLGM due to limitations in the protected area network, transboundary nature of the regions, and existing gaps in monitoring and research.