Effect of periodontal treatment on preclinical Alzheimer's disease—Results of a trial emulation approach
Christian Schwahn, Stefan Frenzel, Birte Holtfreter, Sandra Van der Auwera, Christiane Pink, Robin Bülow, Nele Friedrich, Henry Völzke, Reiner Biffar, Thomas Kocher, Hans J. Grabe, for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We investigated the relationship between periodontal treatment and pre-clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS: In this quasi-experimental design, 177 periodontally treated patients from the "Greifswald Approach to Individualized Medicine" cohort, which used the same protocols as the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania TREND (SHIP-TREND), and 409 untreated subjects from SHIP-TREND were analyzed. Subjects were younger than 60 years at the magnetic resonance imaging examination, with a median observation period of 7.3 years. Imaging markers for brain atrophy in late-onset AD and brain aging were used as the outcomes. RESULTS: Robust to sensitivity analyses, periodontal treatment had a favorable effect on AD-related brain atrophy (-0.41; 95% confidence interval: -0.70 to -0.12; P = .0051), which corresponds to a shift from the 50th to the 37th percentile of the outcome distribution. For brain aging, the treatment effect was uncertain. CONCLUSION: Periodontitis is related to pre-clinical AD in our population.