The Application of Pulse Radiolysis to the Study of Ni(I) Intermediates in Ni-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions
Nicholas A. Till, Seokjoon Oh, David W. C. MacMillan, Matthew J. Bird
Abstract
Here we report the use of pulse radiolysis and spectroelectrochemistry to generate low-valent nickel intermediates relevant to synthetically important Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and interrogate their reactivities toward comproportionation and oxidative addition processes. Pulse radiolysis provided a direct means to generate singly reduced [(dtbbpy)NiBr], enabling the identification of a rapid Ni(0)/Ni(II) comproportionation process taking place under synthetically relevant electrolysis conditions. This approach also permitted the direct measurement of Ni(I) oxidative addition rates with electronically differentiated aryl iodide electrophiles (kOA = 1.3 × 104–2.4 × 105 M–1 s–1), an elementary organometallic step often proposed in nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. Together, these results hold implications for a number of Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling processes.