Stress–strain dependent rutting prediction models for multi-layer structures of asphalt mixtures
Yong Deng, Yao Zhang, Xijun Shi, Shuguang Hou, Robert L. Lytton
Abstract
Since rutting is a major distress in flexible pavements at intermediate and high temperatures, rutting models with concise expressions and satisfying accuracy can have considerable contributions to the pavement design, maintenance and rehabilitation. In this circumstance, two mechanistic-empirical rutting models were proposed in this study. The models were adapted from traditional rutting models and involve advanced mechanical aspects such as strains and stress invariants under moving loads and a yield criterion for asphalt mixtures. This paper includes detailed explanations of model expressions, qualitative comparisons with current models and model applications in an innovative laboratory test. The laboratory test and finite element simulation of asphalt mixtures under moving loads were used to calibrate, validate and check the sensitivity of the proposed models. The results showed the proposed models successfully captured rutting development in asphalt mixtures; they also reasonably predicted rutting behaviors of layered structures under different loading and environmental conditions. In model applications, effects of different factors on material properties, structural strain and stress responses and rutting development were evaluated. Finally, the determination of model parameters in the proposed models was discussed and recommended for further research.