Effects of eight neuropsychiatric copy number variants on human brain structure
Claudia Modenato, Kuldeep Kumar, Clara Moreau, Sandra Martin‐Brevet, Guillaume Huguet, Catherine Schramm, Martineau Jean‐Louis, Charles-Olivier Martin, Nadine Younis, Petra Tamer, Élise Douard, Fanny Thébault‐Dagher, Valérie Côté, Audrey-Rose Charlebois, Florence Deguire, Anne Maillard, Borja Rodríguez‐Herreros, Aurélie Pain, Sonia Richetin, Marie‐Claude Addor, Joris Andrieux, Benoı̂t Arveiler, Geneviève Baujat, Frédérique Sloan‐Béna, Marco Belfiore, Dominique Bonneau, Sonia Bouquillon, Odile Boute, Alfredo Brusco, Tiffany Busa, Jean- Hubert Caberg, Dominique Campion, Vanessa Colombert, Marie‐Pierre Cordier, Albert David, François‐Guillaume Debray, Marie‐Ange Delrue, Martine Doco‐Fenzy, Ulrike Dunkhase‐Heinl, Patrick Edery, Christina Fagerberg, Laurence Faivre, Francesca Forzano, David Geneviève, Marion Gérard, Daniela Giachino, Agnès Guichet, Olivier Guillin, Delphine Héron, Bertrand Isidor, Aurélia Jacquette, Sylvie Jaillard, Hubert Journel, Boris Keren, Didier Lacombe, Sébastien Lebon, Cédric Le Caignec, M. Lemaître, James Lespinasse, Michèle Mathieu-Dramart, Sandra Mercier, Cyril Mignot, Chantal Missirian, Florence Petit, Kristina P. Sørensen, Lucile Pinson, Ghislaine Plessis, Fabienne Prieur, Alexandre Raymond, Caroline Rooryck, Massimiliano Rossi, Damien Sanlaville, Britta Schlott Kristiansen, Caroline Schluth‐Bolard, Marianne Till, Mieke M. van Haelst, Lionel Van Maldergem, Hanalore Alupay, Benjamin Aaronson, Sean Ackerman, Katy Ankenman, Ayesha Anwar, Constance Atwell, Alexandra Bowe, Arthur L. Beaudet, Marta Benedetti, Jessica Berg, Jeffrey Berman, Leandra N. Berry, Audrey Bibb, Lisa Blaskey, Jonathan Brennan, Christie M. Brewton, Randy L. Buckner, Polina Bukshpun, Jordan Burko, Phil Cali, Bettina M. Cerban, Yi-Shin Chang, Maxwell Cheong
Abstract
Many copy number variants (CNVs) confer risk for the same range of neurodevelopmental symptoms and psychiatric conditions including autism and schizophrenia. Yet, to date neuroimaging studies have typically been carried out one mutation at a time, showing that CNVs have large effects on brain anatomy. Here, we aimed to characterize and quantify the distinct brain morphometry effects and latent dimensions across 8 neuropsychiatric CNVs. We analyzed T1-weighted MRI data from clinically and non-clinically ascertained CNV carriers (deletion/duplication) at the 1q21.1 (n = 39/28), 16p11.2 (n = 87/78), 22q11.2 (n = 75/30), and 15q11.2 (n = 72/76) loci as well as 1296 non-carriers (controls). Case-control contrasts of all examined genomic loci demonstrated effects on brain anatomy, with deletions and duplications showing mirror effects at the global and regional levels. Although CNVs mainly showed distinct brain patterns, principal component analysis (PCA) loaded subsets of CNVs on two latent brain dimensions, which explained 32 and 29% of the variance of the 8 Cohen's d maps. The cingulate gyrus, insula, supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum were identified by PCA and multi-view pattern learning as top regions contributing to latent dimension shared across subsets of CNVs. The large proportion of distinct CNV effects on brain morphology may explain the small neuroimaging effect sizes reported in polygenic psychiatric conditions. Nevertheless, latent gene brain morphology dimensions will help subgroup the rapidly expanding landscape of neuropsychiatric variants and dissect the heterogeneity of idiopathic conditions.