The Real-Time Distributed Control of Shared Energy Storage for Frequency Regulation and Renewable Energy Balancing
Yuxuan Zhuang, Xin Fang
Abstract
With the increasing integration of renewable energy sources, distributed shared energy storage (DSES) systems play a critical role in enhancing power system flexibility, operational resilience, and energy sustainability. However, conventional scheduling methods often suffer from excessive communication burdens, limited scalability, and poor real-time responsiveness, especially when handling fast-changing frequency regulation signals and fluctuating renewable energy outputs. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a consensus-driven distributed online convex optimization method that enables a decentralized scheduling of energy storage units by leveraging the consensus algorithm for local decision-making while maintaining global consistency. Additionally, an adaptive event-triggered mechanism is designed to dynamically adjust the communication frequency based on system state variations, reducing redundant information exchange and ensuring convergence and stability in a fully distributed environment. Simulation results on the IEEE 14-bus test system show that the strategy reduces the communication load by 33–60% and improves the convergence speed by over 40% compared to baseline methods. It also demonstrates a strong adaptability to storage unit disconnection and reconnection. By enabling a fast and efficient response to grid services such as frequency regulation and renewable energy balancing, the proposed approach contributes to the development of intelligent and sustainable power systems.