Potential Effects, Biology and Management Options of Coffee Leaf Rust (Hemileia Vastatrix): A Review
Masreshaw Yirga, R Abbay, B Correspondent, G Adugna, C Jefuka, D Teferei, A Zeru, G Alvarado, B Bertrand, P Lashermes, M Nicole, A Bettencourt, Rodrigues Cj, J Cacas, B Correspondent, D' Oliveira, B, Rodrigues Cj, Aaron Davis, Woldemariam Tadesse, Susana Gole, ; Baena, Justin Moat, Slg Fagioli, D Berry, D Bieysse, Federal De Viosa, Brasil Viosa, K Mendgen, M Hahn, D Fernandez, E Tisserant, P Talhinhas, H Azinheira, A Vieira, A Petitot, A Loureiro, J Poulain, Da Silva, C Silva, Mdc Duplessis, S, D Fernandez, E Tisserant, P Talhinhas, H Azinheira, A Vieira, A Petitot, A Loureiro, J Poulain, M Silva, Da Silva, C Duplessis, S, D Ganesh, A Petitot, M Silva, R Alary, A Lecouls, D Fernandez, A Girma, J Chala, Mmc Gouveia, A Ribeiro, Vmp Vrzea, Rodrigues Cj, M Holguin, Jason Koebler, A Kushalappa, A Eskes, J-P Labouisse, B Bellachew, S Kotecha, B Bertrand, W Mayne, J Mcdonald, K Mendgen, R Voegele, L Monaco, R Muller, D Berry, J Avelino, D Bieysse, R Muller, D Berry, J Avelino, D Biesse, D Nandris, F Kohler, D Fernandez, P Lashermes, Rodrigues Cj, P Pellegrini, F Nutman, F Roberts, R Clarke, Kharunya Paramaguru, D Ramiro, A Jalloul, A Petitot
Abstract
Coffee Arabica originated in Ethiopia and its wild variety currently only grows in Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya (Koebler, 2013). Its cultivated form is grown throughout Africa and South America The cultivated, commercial form of Arabica coffee lacks genetic diversity, which makes it especially prone to diseases The largest and most diverse populations of indigenous (wild) Arabica occur in the highlands of south-western Ethiopia (TeketayD. 1 999, Gole TW., 2003 The genetic diversity of wild Arabica populations far exceeds that of cultivated varieties used in crop production and accessions held in germplasm collections The wild populations also have high functional diversity in terms of disease (Adugna G, 2005), and pest and drought tolerance Similarly, Girma and Chala (2009) tested large number of Arabica coffee collections for resistance to CLR and reported existence of significant differences among the collections. Despite of the existences of substantial gene pool of C. Arabica, the country is not yet fully utilizing its coffee genetic resources as expected in terms of improving coffee productivity and the livelihood of the rural community due to biotic and abiotic constraints (Paulos and Teketay, 2000; Gole et al., 2000) . Consequently the production and productivity of coffee per unit area remains very low as compared to global average. Among biotic constraints like diseases, Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR) (Hemileia vastatrix) is economically important one in the world (Mugiira et al., 2011). Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review and to generate information from the potential effect, the biology, and dynamics, resistant mechanisms and disease management options.