Guidelines for the convergence of bio-architecture and neuroarchitecture based on the WELL building standard
Elton Cristovão da Silva Lima, Hilma Ferreira, Luís Mateus, Amilton José Vieira de Arruda
Abstract
• Guidelines for bio- and WELL-informed designs for well-being. • Convergence between Bio-architecture and Neuroarchitecture. • Integrating WELL Building Standard with occupant-centred design for well-being. • Future work on neurobiomimetics applied to architecture. Growing evidence suggests that nature-inspired design strategies can enhance both human well-being and the environmental performance of buildings. However, a gap remains between architectural practices that superficially incorporate natural elements and research demonstrating their impact on users’ cognitive, physiological, and emotional health. This study investigates how bio-architecture principles, rooted in the distinct yet complementary frameworks of biomimetics and biophilia, converge with neuroarchitecture findings—particularly regarding perception, neuroplasticity, and sensory comfort—to inform healthier and more sustainable built environments. Through a three-stage methodology combining systematic literature review on biomimetics, biophilia, and neuroarchitecture, cross-analysis of international standards, and triangulation with built precedents, a set of conceptual design guidelines was developed to integrate the WELL Building Standard framework with insights on human-centred and nature-based solutions. The results highlight that strategic use of natural materials, maximising access to daylight and fresh air, improving thermal conditions, planning adaptable spaces, and designing sensorially rich environments positively influence occupant well-being and performance. This occupant-focused approach aligns scientific rigour with normative frameworks, representing an initial step towards a unified theoretical model that prioritise comfort, emotional balance, and cognitive support. By merging bio- and neuro-informed strategies, this paper provides a conceptual roadmap for architects, engineers, building operators, and researchers to create spaces that are both regenerative and experientially attuned.