Gauge-equivariant flow models for sampling in lattice field theories with pseudofermions
Ryan Abbott, Michael S. Albergo, Denis Boyda, K. Cranmer, Daniel C. Hackett, Gurtej Kanwar, Sébastien Racanière, Danilo Jimenez Rezende, Fernando Romero-López, Phiala E. Shanahan, Betsy Tian, Julian M. Urban
Abstract
This work presents gauge-equivariant architectures for flow-based sampling in fermionic lattice field theories using pseudofermions as stochastic estimators for the fermionic determinant. This is the default approach in state-of-the-art lattice field theory calculations, making this development critical to the practical application of flow models to theories such as QCD. Methods by which flow-based sampling approaches can be improved via standard techniques such as even/odd preconditioning and the Hasenbusch factorization are also outlined. Numerical demonstrations in two-dimensional U(1) and SU(3) gauge theories with ${N}_{f}=2$ flavors of fermions are provided.