Exploring the spectrum: A comprehensive review of control methods in microgrid systems
Sujit Kumar, M. Premkumar, Jayant Giri, Sasanka Sekhor Sharma, S M Mozammil Hasnain, T. Sathish, Rustem Zairov
Abstract
Recent developments in renewable energy technologies have motivated the researchers to focus their studies on control systems. The increasing adoption of renewable energy sources has alsoincreased the interest in control systems for microgrids and utility systems. Integrating distributed generating units into the utility grid has been made successful through microgrid technology. This study focuses on control techniques addressing rotor angle, voltage, and frequency instability in power systems. Ongoing research on hybrid microgrids focuses on exploring control mechanisms and conducting stability evaluations. The control approach that has received the most attention is the hierarchical control, composed of primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. This study examines several strategies for primary control in current or voltage regulation, secondary control in voltage or current error correction, power-sharing in microgrids, and tertiary control in power flow and energy management within hybrid microgrid system. It also investigates the advantages and disadvantages of various control systems that operate as distributed, centralized, and decentralized controllers. The operational concepts and effectiveness of each control approach for different microgrid architectures are discussed. Furthermore, this study examines certain control aspects ininterconnected converter and energy storage systems, such as mode transition and coordinated control. It also examines approaches for enhancing stability in microgrids.