The influence of external weld imperfection size on the load-bearing capacity of butt-welded joints
J. Voelkel, Markus Meißner, Helen Bartsch, Markus Feldmann
Abstract
In the European Union (EU), steel structures adhere to design and fabrication standards outlined in EN 1993 and EN 1090–2. The second sets technical requirements for executing steel and aluminum structures, referencing EN ISO 5817 for weld imperfections. This standard categorizes imperfections into three levels, with uncertainty surrounding their impact on load-bearing capacity. This article addresses this gap, presenting experimental data on the influence of undercut and axial misalignment on butt-welded joints welded using Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) under static tension loading. It challenges existing quality limits in EN ISO 5817 and compares them with BS:7910 and Volvo standards. The study utilizes 3D scanning for imperfection characterization and conducts large-scale tension tests, revealing a correlation between undercut depth and load-bearing capacity. The impact of axial misalignment on load capacity is explored, indicating a minor influence. The findings contribute to establishing more realistic quality limits for welded structures, enhancing safety and efficiency in steel construction. • Study challenges weld imperfection limits in EN ISO 5817. • Focus on undercuts and axial misalignment in butt-welded joints. • 3D scanning used for precise imperfection assessment. • The results provide information on better quality limits for steel construction.