Dual‐Function Presodiation with Sodium Diphenyl Ketone towards Ultra‐stable Hard Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Hengyi Fang, Suning Gao, Meng Ren, Yaohui Huang, Fangyi Cheng, Jun Chen, Fujun Li
Abstract
Abstract Hard carbon (HC) is a promising anode material for sodium‐ion batteries, yet still suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, sodium diphenyl ketone (Na‐DK) is applied to realize dual‐function presodiation for HC anodes. It compensates the irreversible Na uptake at the oxygen‐containing functional groups and reacts with carbon defects of five/seven‐membered rings for quasi‐metallic sodium in HC. The as‐formed sodium induces robust NaF‐rich SEI on HC in 1.0 M NaPF 6 in diglyme, favoring the interfacial reaction kinetics and stable Na + insertion and extraction. This renders the presodiated HC (pHC) with high ICE of ≈100 % and capacity retention of 82.4 % after 6800 cycles. It is demonstrated to couple with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 cathodes in full cells to show high capacity retention of ≈100 % after 700 cycles. This work provides in‐depth understanding of chemical presodiation and a new strategy for highly stable sodium‐ion batteries.