3D patterned fabric-based wearable micro-supercapacitor operating at high voltage by electrostatic actuation
Xiaoping Lin, Shangbo Li, Xiaoyan Li, Xuming Huang, Luhua Jia, Wei Zhang, Zaisheng Cai, Gunel Imanova, Sridhar Komarneni
Abstract
To address the energy storage needs of wearable electronics, this study developed high-performance, flexible micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) using 2D and 3D patterned fabric-based microelectrodes. The 2D electrodes were created via a screen-printing method with an omnidirectional pre-stretching strategy, while 3D array-structured electrodes were formed through electrostatic actuation. Nano-MnO 2 and Na 0.77 MnO 2 were deposited to enhance pseudo-capacitive storage and widen the electrochemical window. The C-C/MnO 2 -based MSCs exhibited a 21% pseudo-capacitance ratio, achieving an area-specific capacitance of 118.2 mF cm −2 at 5 mV s −1 and an energy density of 39.25 mWh cm −2 at 0.21 mW cm −2 . These MSCs maintained 95.05%, 92.04%, and 89.74% of their capacitance under stretched, twisted, and folded conditions, respectively, and showed stable performance across temperatures from −20 °C to 60 °C. Additionally, C-C/Na 0.77 MnO 2 -based MSCs extended the electrochemical window to 1.6 V and retained 100.2% capacitance after 6500 cycles. This work offers innovative strategies for advancing portable and wearable electronic devices.