Nano Biochar: Properties, Preparation, Key Features and its Impact on Soil and Crop Ecosystem
Hridesh Harsha Sarma, Santanu Kaushik Borah, Olympica Das, Santosh Sonowal, Nilabh Talukdar, Bikash Chandra Das
Abstract
Nano biochar, a carbon-rich material, is increasingly recognized for its pivotal role in sustainable agriculture and environmental management. It is produced through the pyrolysis of biomass under controlled conditions, converting organic matter into a stable form of carbon. This process effectively sequesters carbon and mitigates greenhouse gas emissions while yielding a valuable soil amendment. In agriculture, biochar offers multifaceted benefits. Its porous structure enhances soil fertility and water retention, fostering optimal conditions for plant growth. By serving as a reservoir for nutrients, biochar promotes their slow release, reducing the risk of leaching and nutrient runoff. Moreover, its neutral pH and high organic carbon content contribute to soil health and microbial activity. Some key features of nano biochar are enhancing surface area and porosity, improved soil fertility, nutrient retention and recycling, slow-release fertilizer, enhanced microbial population, carbon sequestration etc. Furthermore, biochar aids in waste management by utilizing agricultural residues as feedstock. However, despite its promising advantages, biochar application requires careful consideration. Variations in feedstock and production methods can influence its efficacy and environmental impact. Moreover, its long-term effects on soil health and crop productivity warrant further research and field trials. It presents a sustainable solution for enhancing agricultural productivity, mitigating climate change, and managing organic waste. However, its optimal utilization necessitates comprehensive understanding, integrated management practices, and ongoing scientific inquiry.