Current understanding of eryptosis: mechanisms, physiological functions, role in disease, pharmacological applications, and nomenclature recommendations
Anton Tkachenko, Mohammad A. Alfhili, Jawaher Alsughayyir, Alessandro Attanzio, Abdulla Al Mamun Bhuyan, Bożena Bukowska, Antonio Cilla, Martha Angélica Quintanar Escorza, Michael Föller, Ondřej Havránek, Kashif Jilani, Anatolii Onishchenko, Etheresia Pretorius, Volodymyr Prokopіuk, Ignazio Restivo, Luisa Tesoriere, Grazia Maria Virzì, Thomas Wieder
Abstract
ionophores. This cell death is associated with apoptosis-like morphological signs, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and phosphatidylserine externalization. To emphasize that mature erythrocytes don't have the apoptotic mitochondrial machinery and distinguish this unique cell death modality from apoptosis, it was named "eryptosis". Over recent decades, our knowledge of eryptosis has been significantly expanded, providing more insights into the uniqueness of cell death pathways in erythrocytes. In this review, we aim to summarize our current understanding of eryptosis, formulate the nomenclature and guidelines to interpret results of eryptosis studies, provide a synopsis of morphological and biochemical features of eryptosis, and highlight the role of eryptosis in health and disease, including its druggability.