Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Comprehensive Review of Principles, Instrumentation, Analytical Procedures, and Pharmaceutical Applications
Suman Basak, Amsmrit Borah, Bhagyashree Ramchiary
Abstract
Abstract A strong, label-free optical method called surface plasmon resonance (SPR) makes it possible to observe biomolecular interactions in real-time with remarkable sensitivity. By offering quantitative insights into binding kinetics and affinities without the use of fluorescent or radioactive labels, SPR has transformed biosensing, drug development, and materials research in recent decades. The basic ideas of SPR are examined in this thorough examination, which also covers its physics, equipment, and many configurations created to improve its analytical potential. The book also explores the wide range of SPR applications, including high-throughput drug screening, point-of-care diagnostics, membrane protein characterization, and investigating protein–ligand interactions. The sensitivity and adaptability of SPR-based systems have increased, thanks to developments such as SPR imaging, detection boosted by nanoparticles, and integration with microfluidics. Surface sensitivity, the possibility of nonspecific binding, and difficulties interpreting data are some of SPR’s drawbacks despite its numerous benefits. These issues are still being addressed by ongoing advancements in surface chemistry, equipment, and data interpretation, which expands the use of SPR in interdisciplinary research. To emphasize SPR’s crucial and developing significance in contemporary scientific research, the study finishes by emphasizing new developments, such as the integration of SPR with complementary analytical methods and the use of artificial intelligence for data processing.