Oxygenated and Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Ambient Air—Levels, Phase Partitioning, Mass Size Distributions, and Inhalation Bioaccessibility
Gerhard Lammel, Zoran Kitanovski, Petr Kukučka, Jiří Novák, Andrea M. Arangio, Garry Codling, Alexander Filippi, Jan Hovorka, Jan Kuta, Cecilia Leoni, Petra Příbylová, Roman Prokeš, Ondřej Sáňka, Pourya Shahpoury, Haijie Tong, Marco Wietzoreck
Abstract
size fraction is found to be ≈5% of the total ambient concentration of OPAHs and up to ≈2% for NPAHs. For 9-fluorenone and (9,10)-anthraquinone, up to 86 and 18%, respectively, were found at the rural site. Our results indicate that water solubility could function as a limiting factor for bioaccessibility of inhaled particulate NPAHs and OPAHs, without considerable effect of surfactant lipids and proteins in the lung lining fluid.
Topics & Concepts
Environmental chemistryParticulatesChemistryInhalationAnthraquinoneOrganic chemistryAnatomyMedicineAir Quality and Health ImpactsToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactAtmospheric chemistry and aerosols