Mutations in <i>TRIM63</i> cause an autosomal-recessive form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Joel Salazar‐Mendiguchía, Juan Pablo Ochoa, Julián Palomino-Doza, Fernándo Domínguez, Carles Díez‐López, Mohammed Akhtar, Soraya Ramiro-León, María Clemente, Antonia Pérez-Cejas, María Robledo, Iria Gómez, María Luisa Peña‐Peña, Vicente Climent, Francisco Salmerón-Martínez, Celestino Hernández, Pablo Elpidio García-Granja, María V. Mogollón, Ivonne Cárdenas-Reyes, Marcos Cicerchia, Diego García-Giustiniani, Arsonval Lamounier, Belén Gil-Fournier, Felícitas Díaz-Flores, Rafael Salguero‐Bodes, Luis Santomé, Petros Syrris, Montse Olivé, Pablo García‐Pavía, Martín Ortiz-Genga, Perry Elliott, Lorenzo Monserrat
Abstract
Objective Up to 50% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) show no disease-causing variants in genetic studies. TRIM63 has been suggested as a candidate gene for the development of cardiomyopathies, although evidence for a causative role in HCM is limited. We sought to investigate the relationship between rare variants in TRIM63 and the development of HCM. Methods TRIM63 was sequenced by next generation sequencing in 4867 index cases with a clinical diagnosis of HCM and in 3628 probands with other cardiomyopathies. Additionally, 3136 index cases with familial cardiovascular diseases other than cardiomyopathy (mainly channelopathies and aortic diseases) were used as controls. Results Sixteen index cases with rare homozygous or compound heterozygous variants in TRIM63 (15 HCM and one restrictive cardiomyopathy) were included. No homozygous or compound heterozygous were identified in the control population. Familial evaluation showed that only homozygous and compound heterozygous had signs of disease, whereas all heterozygous family members were healthy. The mean age at diagnosis was 35 years (range 15–69). Fifty per cent of patients had concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and 45% were asymptomatic at the moment of the first examination. Significant degrees of late gadolinium enhancement were detected in 80% of affected individuals, and 20% of patients had left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. Fifty per cent had non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. Twenty per cent of patients suffered an adverse cerebrovascular event (20%). Conclusion TRIM63 appears to be an uncommon cause of HCM inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner and associated with concentric LVH and a high rate of LV dysfunction.