When plastisphere and drilosphere meet: Earthworms facilitate microbiome and nutrient turnover to accelerate biodegradation of agricultural plastic films
Caide Huang, Liuwei Wang, Wei‐Min Wu, Yvan Capowiez, Yuhui Qiao, Deyi Hou
Abstract
• Microcosm ecosystem involving earthworms and agricultural films was established. • Earthworm bioturbation contributed the migration and distribution of mulch films. • Biodegradation of PE and PBAT/PLA mulch films was accelerated by earthworms. • Earthworms participated in plastisphere biofilm formation and microbial assembly. • Earthworm-mediated DOM turnover of plastisphere soils supported biodegradation. Agricultural plastic mulching films have been an environmental concern for decades. The effects of the interactions between the anthropogenic plastisphere and other soil biospheres, particularly that of earthworms, on the fate of plastics remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the decomposition of buried nonbiodegradable low-density polyethylene (LDPE) versus biodegradable PBTA/PLA copolymers in the presence of earthworms ( Amynthas cortices ) in dynamic microcosms. Earthworms significantly enhanced the biodegradation of plastic films in situ , as confirmed by mass reduction, surface modification, and changes in the molecular weights of films. Notably, the PBTA/PLA films exhibited a 1.41-fold increase in mass loss and a 5.69% reduction in the number-average molecular weight when incubated with earthworms. Earthworms influenced the microbial assembly within the plastisphere by increasing both bacterial and fungal biodiversity, as well as their network complexity. The time-decay patterns in the abundance of keystone degrader taxa, including the genera Noviherbaspirillum , Rhizobacter , and Mortierella , were mitigated by earthworms over the 60-day period. Additionally, earthworms preferentially consumed recalcitrant dissolved organic matter in LDPE and PBAT/PLA plastisphere soils, thereby increasing the bioavailability of components that serve as nutrient supplies for plastisphere microbiomes. Our findings demonstrate that earthworms enhance the decomposition of plastics in soils via cross-species interplay within the plastisphere and drilosphere, contributing not only to soil conditioning and biodiversity but also to plastic biodegradation in natural agroecosystems.