Modulation of Metallophilic and π–π Interactions in Platinum Cyclometalated Luminophores with Halogen Bonding
Vasily Sivchik, Aleksandr Kochetov, Toni Eskelinen, Kristina S. Kisel, Anastasia I. Solomatina, Elena V. Grachova, Sergey P. Tunik, Pipsa Hirva, Igor O. Koshevoy
Abstract
Abstract Luminescent cyclometalated complexes [M(C^N^N)CN] (M=Pt, Pd; HC^N^N=pyridinyl‐ (M=Pt 1 , Pd 5 ), benzyltriazolyl‐ (M=Pt 2 ), indazolyl‐ (M=Pt 3 , Pd 6 ), pyrazolyl‐phenylpyridine (M=Pt 4 )) decorated with cyanide ligand, have been explored as nucleophilic building blocks for the construction of halogen‐bonded (XB) adducts using IC 6 F 5 as an XB donor. The negative electrostatic potential of the CN group afforded CN⋅⋅⋅I noncovalent interactions for platinum complexes 1 – 3 ; the energies of XB contacts are comparable to those of metallophilic bonding according to QTAIM analysis. Embedding the chromophore units into XB adducts 1 – 3 ⋅⋅⋅IC 6 F 5 has little effect on the charge distribution, but strongly affects Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt bonding and π‐stacking, which lead to excited states of MMLCT (metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer) origin. The energies of these states and the photoemissive properties of the crystalline materials are primarily determined by the degree of aggregation of the luminophores via metal–metal interactions. The adduct formation depends on the nature of the metal and the structure of the metalated ligand, the variation of which can yield dynamic XB‐supported systems, exemplified by thermally regulated transition 3 ↔ 3 ⋅⋅⋅IC 6 F 5 .