Artificial Intelligence in Biotechnology
Kunal Kumar, Rajani Sharma, Kunal Ranjan, Dhananjay K. Pandey
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines, playing a pivotal role across diverse biotechnology sectors, including healthcare, agriculture, and industry, thereby revolutionizing the global landscape. The incorporation of AI offers a solution to the high costs and time-consuming processes of traditional drug discovery approaches. This is achieved through the use of virtual screening and predictive modelling to analyze drug-target interactions. Efforts are being made to explore the fields of genomics and personalized medicine, with a specific focus on utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) for the analysis of genomic data. Additionally, ethical questions related to the use of AI in genomics are being examined. Artificial neural networks are becoming increasingly important for modelling and optimizing bioprocesses. This investigation encompasses the application of AI-optimized techniques for improving bioproduction strategies, as well as the utilization of AI and sensor technologies for real-time monitoring and control. The ultimate goal is to enhance the productivity and effectiveness of biomanufacturing processes. AI is also crucial in agriculture and plant biotechnology as it drives progress in crop breeding, enhances crop output, monitors plant health, and promotes sustainable agriculture through precision farming and resource optimization. This book chapter provides a comprehensive examination of the synergistic combination of artificial intelligence and biotechnology. This chapter explores the fundamental principles of artificial intelligence (AI) and its transformative influence on several fields such as drug development, genomics, personalized medicine, medical imaging, diagnostics, bioinformatics, bioprocess optimization, and agricultural/plant biotechnology. AI's groundbreaking advancements have greatly enhanced our lives, but at the same time, they present complex technological, ethical, and societal dilemmas that require careful consideration and solutions.