Phytosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Perilla frutescens Leaf Extract: Characterization and Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities
NV Reddy, Huizhen Li, Tianyu Hou, MS Bethu, Zhiqing Ren, Zhijun Zhang
Abstract
Purpose: The present study investigates the phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Perilla frutescens leaf extract, which acts as a reducing agent for the conversion of silver ions (Ag+) into AgNPs. P. frutescens leaf synthesized AgNPs ( [email protected] ) were evaluated for biomedical properties including antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Materials and Methods: [email protected] were synthesized using P. frutescens leaf extract and silver nitrate solution. The morphology and physical properties of [email protected] were studied by spectroscopic techniques including, UV-Vis, FTIR, TEM, XRD, DLS, and TGA. Antibacterial activity of [email protected] was evaluated by disk diffusion assay. Antioxidant activity of [email protected] was checked by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2.2ʹ-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Anticancer activity of [email protected] was checked by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. Cytotoxic effects of [email protected] on most susceptible cancer cell lines were observed by phase contrast microscopy. Results: [email protected] showed surface plasmon resonance peak at 461 nm. XRD pattern showed that the [email protected] were face-centered cubic crystals with a mean size of 25.71 nm. TEM analysis revealed the different shapes (spherical, rhombic, triangle, and rod) of [email protected] Zeta potential value (− 25.83 mV) indicated that [email protected] were long-term stable and not agglomerated. A low polydispersity index value (0.389) indicated the monodispersity of [email protected] TGA revealed the high thermal stability of [email protected] [email protected] exhibited maximum inhibition against Escherichia coli , followed by Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus . [email protected] showed maximum inhibition of 68.02 and 62.93% against DPPH and ABTS-free radicals, respectively. [email protected] showed significant anticancer activity against human colon cancer (COLO205) and prostate adenocarcinoma (LNCaP). [email protected] exhibited apoptotic effects on LNCaP cells including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation, fragmentation of nuclei, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Conclusion: The present study reports the successful synthesis of [email protected] using P. frutescens leaf extract. The synthesized [email protected] are FCC crystals, monodispersed, long-term stable, and non-agglomerated. The observed antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities demonstrate the potential biomedical applications of [email protected] Keywords: Perilla frutescens , silver nanoparticles, antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, anticancer activity, LNCaP