Green extraction of anthocyanins from fruits and by-products using deep eutectic solvents: A sustainable approach
Deepthimahanthi Khyathi Asritha, Hamid Hamid, Rafeeya Shams, Kshirod Kumar Dash, Avchar Sahil panjabrao, K P Farzeen
Abstract
The present review examines the feasibility of deep eutectic solvents (DES) as a sustainable method for extracting anthocyanin from fruits. DES are usually characterized by low volatility, good solubility, and low toxicity and has been found to act as a tenable platform for optimizing extraction conditions. Naturally occurring deep eutectic solvents (NADES) are biodegradable, recyclable, and cost-effective, making them attractive for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The extraction condition varies according to type of NADES, extraction time, and extraction temperature. In addition to this integration with various emerging technologies such as ultrasound, microwaves, high pressure and supercritical fluid pre-treatment enhances the extraction efficiency, selectivity, sustainability, and product quality. Their natural origin and environmentally favourable attributes correspond with the principles of green chemistry, offering a substitute for synthetic solvents. This study investigates the efficiency of DES and NADES in extracting anthocyanins from different fruit sources, including extraction techniques, extraction conditions, and extraction yield. Further study illustrates the prospect of using NADES as designer solvents that could enhance sustainability in food, selectivity toward matrix and opportunities in nutraceutical industries.