Polymeric composites of cubic-octahedron and gyroid lattice for biomimetic dental implants
Bankole I. Oladapo, Joseph F. Kayode, Panagiotis Karagiannidis, Nida Naveed, Hamid Mehrabi, Kolawole O. Ogundipe
Abstract
The study describes a homogenisation technique of developing a Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and calcium hydroxyapatite (cHAp) composite with periodic pattern lattice structures. The continuum depiction of the discrete structures was evaluated to retain the PEEK cellulose composite properties of the lattice cell applied to dental implants. Design approaches were considered, using different software modelling to optimise the orthotropic lattice PEEK material by establishing an optimal variable cell lattice density distribution in the geometric model of a dental implant. A homogenising model was studied based on the lattice optimisation that resulted from the previous stage and considered different volume fractions, pore size, and variable density for different lattice cells for dental implants. Their adequate elastic fatigues were obtained by the unit cell's fast design-based model homogenisation method, and bioactivity cell tests took place in a culture medium. It was evident from the results obtained that the homogenisation increased the stiffness of the bracket by using the same cubic lattice cell, and the fundamental frequency obtained with lattice optimisation to higher results after implants. This result can easily be applied by using these lattice structures and PEEK composite in dental implants for medical industries and institutions as a lightweight and better biocompatible materials compared to metals.