A review on the green synthesis of metal (Ag, Cu, and Au) and metal oxide (ZnO, MgO, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, and TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles using plant extracts for developing antimicrobial properties
Israt Jahan Lithi, Kazi Imtiaz Ahmed Nakib, A. M. Sarwaruddin Chowdhury, Md. Sahadat Hossain
Abstract
antibacterial properties under visible light, while it would be impossible without UV activation. These nanoparticles have important antimicrobial properties for treating microbial infections and combating antibiotic resistance against bacteria, fungi, and viruses by disrupting microbial membranes, generating ROS, and interfering with DNA and protein synthesis. Nanoscale size and large surface area make them critical for developing advanced antimicrobial treatments. They are effective antibacterial agents for treating infections, suitable in water purification systems, and fostering innovation by creating green, economically viable antibacterial materials. Therefore, green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for antibacterial agents supports several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including health improvement, sustainability, and innovation.