TP53INP2 Contributes to TGF-β2-Induced Autophagy during the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Posterior Capsular Opacification Development
Yilei Cui, Hao Yang, Silu Shi, Xiyuan Ping, Sifan Zheng, Xiajing Tang, Xiaoning Yu, Xingchao Shentu
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common complication after cataract surgery, in which increased levels of transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2) accelerate PCO formation; however, the pathological mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to explore the regulation mechanism of TGF-β2 in PCO formation via its autophagic functions. METHODS: The autophagic effect of TGF-β2 was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence analysis. The association between autophagy and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated by qPCR and Western blotting. The transcriptome analysis was used to uncover the molecular mechanism of TGF-β2-induced PCO formation. RESULTS: TGF-β2 specifically promotes autophagy flux in human lens epithelial cells. The activation of autophagy by rapamycin can promote EMT marker synthesis and improve cell migration. However, the inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA attenuates EMT. To uncover the molecular mechanisms, we performed RNA sequencing and found that TGF-β2 elevated tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein2 (TP53INP2) expression, which was accompanied by a nuclear-to-cytoplasm translocation. Moreover, the knockdown of TP53INP2 blocked the TGF-β2-induced autophagy and EMT processes, revealing that TP53INP2 plays an important role in TGF-β2-induced autophagy during EMT. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the results of this study suggested that TP53INP2 was a novel regulator of PCO development by TGF-β2, and notably, TP53INP2, may be a potential target for the pharmacological treatment of PCO.