Updates on Measles Incidence and Eradication: Emphasis on the Immunological Aspects of Measles Infection
Ali A. Rabaan, Abbas Al Mutair, Saad Alhumaid, Mohammed Garout, Roua A. Alsubki, Fatimah Alshahrani, Wadha Alfouzan, Jeehan H. Alestad, Abdullah E. Alsaleh, Maha Al-Mozaini, Thoyaja Koritala, Sultan Alotaibi, Mohamad‐Hani Temsah, Ali Akbar, Rafiq Ahmad, Zainab Khalid, Javed Muhammad, Naveed Ahmed
Abstract
Measles is an RNA virus infectious disease mainly seen in children. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine against measles, it remains a health issue in children. Although it is a self-limiting disease, it becomes severe in undernourished and immune-compromised individuals. Measles infection is associated with secondary infections by opportunistic bacteria due to the immunosuppressive effects of the measles virus. Recent reports highlight that measles infection erases the already existing immune memory of various pathogens. This review covers the incidence, pathogenesis, measles variants, clinical presentations, secondary infections, elimination of measles virus on a global scale, and especially the immune responses related to measles infection.