Pion crystals hosting topologically stable baryons
Fabrizio Canfora, Stefano Carignano, Marcela Lagos, Massimo Mannarelli, Aldo Vera
Abstract
We construct analytic ($3+1$)-dimensional inhomogeneous and topologically nontrivial pion systems using chiral perturbation theory. We discuss the effect of isospin asymmetry with vanishing electromagnetic interactions as well as some particular configurations with nonvanishing electromagnetic interactions. The inhomogeneous configurations of the pion fields are characterized by a nonvanishing topological charge that can be identified with baryons surrounded by a cloud of pions. This system supports a topologically protected persistent superflow. When the electromagnetic field is turned on the superflow corresponds to an electromagnetic supercurrent.
Topics & Concepts
PhysicsPionIsospinElectromagnetic fieldBaryonAsymmetryParticle physicsCharge (physics)SupercurrentQuantum electrodynamicsSuperconductivityQuantum mechanicsJosephson effectQuantum Chromodynamics and Particle InteractionsParticle physics theoretical and experimental studiesBlack Holes and Theoretical Physics