Interpretable Cervical Cell Classification: A Comparative Analysis
N. Gnanavel, Prathushan Inparaj, Niruthikka Sritharan, Dulani Meedeniya, Pratheepan Yogarajah
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a significant global health issue, and traditional screening methods like Pap smears are labor-intensive and may miss some cases. Automation is needed, but it faces challenges in terms of interpretability and data availability. To address this, the paper proposes using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) techniques like GradCAM, GradCAM++, and LRP to improve the transparency and interpretability of a cervical cell classification model, making it a novel contribution to enhancing the trustworthiness of automated cervical cancer detection. Using the Herlev Dataset, we employ data pre-processing, data augmentation techniques and develop a binary classification model, achieving a 91.94% accuracy with VGG16. The qualitative analysis of XAI methods confirmed that the model relied on nucleus and cytoplasm features, key indicators of malignancy. The least mean image entropy of 2.4849 and steep prediction confidence drop with perturbations quantitatively proved Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) to be the most effective XAI technique for cervical cell classification.