Deep-sea microbes as tools to refine the rules of innate immune pattern recognition
Anna E. Gauthier, Courtney E. Chandler, Valentina Poli, Francesca M. Gardner, Aranteiti Tekiau, Richard D. Smith, Kevin S. Bonham, Erik E. Cordes, Timothy M. Shank, Ivan Zanoni, David R. Goodlett, Steven J. Biller, Robert K. Ernst, Randi Rotjan, Jonathan C. Kagan
Abstract
was identified as a common constituent of the culturable microbiota. Most deep-sea bacteria contained cell wall lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structures that were expected to be immunostimulatory, and some deep-sea bacteria activated inflammatory responses from mammalian LPS receptors. However, LPS receptors were unable to detect 80% of deep-sea bacteria examined, with LPS acyl chain length being identified as a potential determinant of immunosilence. The inability of immune receptors to detect most bacteria from a different ecosystem suggests that pattern recognition strategies may be defined locally, not globally.