Elderly Subjects Supplemented with L-Glutamine Shows an Improvement of Mucosal Immunity in the Upper Airways in Response to Influenza Virus Vaccination
Vitória Paixão, Ewin Barbosa Almeida, Jônatas Bussador do Amaral, Tamaris Roseira, Fernanda Rodrigues Monteiro, Roberta Foster, Adriane Sperandio, Marcelo Rossi, Gislene Rocha Amirato, Carlos A. F. Santos, Renier S. Pires, Fabyano Bruno Leal, Edison Luíz Durigon, Danielle Bruna Leal Oliveira, Rodolfo P. Vieira, Mauro Vaisberg, Juliana M. B. Santos, André Luís Lacerda Bachi
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although glutamine is able to improve the immune response, its action in the upper airway immunity against the influenza virus vaccine remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the L-glutamine supplementation effect on the mucosal immune/inflammatory response of elderly subjects vaccinated against the influenza virus. METHODS: = 41). RESULTS: Gln group showed higher salivary levels of interleukin (IL)-17, total secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), and specific-SIgA post-vaccination than values found pre-vaccination and in the PL group post-vaccination. Whereas higher salivary levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were observed post-vaccination in the Gln group, IL-37 levels were lower post-vaccination in both groups than the values pre-vaccination. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were unchanged. Positive correlations between IL-6 and IL-10 were found in all volunteer groups pre- and post-vaccination and also between IL-17 and IL-6 or IL-10 in the Gln group post-vaccination. A negative correlation between IL-37 and IL-10 was found pre- and post-vaccination in the PL group. CONCLUSION: Gln supplementation was able to modulate salivary cytokine profile and increase SIgA levels, both total and specific to the influenza virus vaccine, in physically active elderly subjects.