Types of Crosslinkers and Their Applications in Biomaterials and Biomembranes
Paolo Yammine, Ali El Safadi, Rima Kassab, Hanna El‐Nakat, Pierre J. Obeid, Zeina Nasr, Tony Tannous, Nouha Sari‐Chmayssem, Agapy Mansour, Ayman Chmayssem
Abstract
Biomaterials and biomembranes play a crucial role in a variety of applications, particularly in the medical field due to their ability to mimic natural biological structures and functions. Crosslinkers play also an important role in enhancing the structural integrity and functionality of biomaterials and in the design of biomembranes. This review article explores the fundamentals of biomaterials and biomembranes, with a particular focus on the role of crosslinkers in biology, chemistry and medicine. We explore the various types of crosslinkers commonly used in biomaterials synthesis, examining their chemical structure, classification, and synthesis methods. Additionally, we analyze the biological properties of crosslinkers and their interactions, highlighting their biological impact, particularly in cellular behavior and cytotoxicity. This article further emphasizes recent advances and innovation, particularly in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. Finally, we conclude by addressing current challenges and suggesting potential futures directions for research in this field.