In Situ Study the Dynamics of Blade‐Coated All‐Polymer Bulk Heterojunction Formation and Impact on Photovoltaic Performance of Solar Cells
Nannan Yao, Qunping Fan, Zewdneh Genene, Heng Liu, Yuxin Xia, Guanzhao Wen, Yusheng Yuan, Ellen Moons, Jan van Stam, Wei Zhang, Xinhui Lu, Ergang Wang, Fengling Zhang
Abstract
All‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) have achieved impressive progress by employing acceptors polymerized from well performing small‐molecule non‐fullerene acceptors. Herein, the device performance and morphology evolution in blade‐coated all‐PSCs based on PBDBT:PF5–Y5 blends prepared from two different solvents, chlorobenzene (CB), and ortho‐ xylene ( o‐ XY) are studied. The absorption spectra in CB solution indicate more ordered conformation for PF5–Y5. The drying process of PBDBT:PF5–Y5 blends is monitored by in situ multifunctional spectroscopy and the final film morphology is characterized with ex situ techniques. Finer‐mixed donor/acceptor nanostructures are obtained in CB‐cast film than that in o‐ XY‐cast ones, corresponding to more efficient charge generation in the solar cells. More importantly, the conformation of polymers in solution determines the overall film morphology and the device performance. The relatively more ordered structure in CB‐cast films is beneficial for charge transport and reduced non‐radiative energy loss. Therefore, to achieve high‐performance all‐PSCs with small energy loss, it is crucial to gain favorable aggregation in the initial stage in solution.