Role of Substituents in the Removal of Emerging Fluorinated Liquid Crystal Monomer Pollutants under the UV/Peroxydisulfate Treatment
Shaoxiong He, Enya Wu, Mingjie Shen, Haodong Ji, Lixi Zeng, Mingshan Zhu
Abstract
Fluorinated liquid crystal monomers (LCMs) have been identified as emerging persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals with non-negligible environmental concentrations. Herein, 12 fluorinated LCMs including highly detected 4-ethoxy-2,3-difluoro-4′-(trans-4-propylcyclohexyl)biphenyl (EDPB) were selected as target fluorinated LCMs to investigate their structure–reactivity relationships by the ultraviolet/peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) treatment. EDPB with biphenyl and ethoxy showed the highest first-order degradation rate constant of 1.93 h–1, while that of fluorinated LCMs with ethoxy (1.10–1.26 h–1) and biphenyl (0.45–0.56 h–1) and without biphenyl or ethoxy (0.27–0.30 h–1) decreased sequentially. HO• and SO4•– were identified as the main oxidative species in the UV/PDS treatment. Theoretical calculation suggested that biphenyl and ethoxy can significantly alter the electron distribution of LCM molecules, providing more attackable sites for HO• and SO4•– on LCMs with biphenyl or ethoxy. Oxalic acid, cyclohexane, and bicyclohexane were the main degradation products of fluorinated LCMs even though their degradation pathways were determined by their different molecular structures. Toxicity estimation revealed that fluorinated LCMs with high acute toxicity and developmental toxicity could be decomposed into some final products with less toxicity. This study is expected to fill knowledge gaps in the structure–activity relationships of fluorinated LCMs by the UV/PDS treatment.